Oil-burner.



E. LANFREDI.

OIL BURNER. APPLIOATIDR rum) JUNE 24, 1811.

Patented Oct. 29, 1912.

WI T #58858:

INVENTUR fug nli LQzfi/re al/ Z my v" nor-2,5130.

nnrrnn s'rnirns r 'rENT orrron.

EUGENIA LANFREDI, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 29,1912.

To a]! whom it may concern;

lie it known that l, EUGENIA Lanrnnm, a subject of the King of ltaly, residing at New York, in the county and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful improvements in OiLBurners, ofwhich the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specitieation.

This invention relates to oil burning devices, of that class where the oil is subjected to an intense heat previous to burning; and its object is to provide an improved construction of burner, whereby the oil is fed through a coil or retort having parts exposed to the direct heat of the flame of the burner itself, these parts performing the double function of heating the oil fed through the coil or retort, and of maintainhg the high temperature of the oil vapors proved rather inefficient,

thus formed into said coil or retort, and ultimately fed to the burner.

.t further object of this invention is toprovide improved means for carrying the heat of the -flame to the coil or retort through which the oil is fed, said means being at the same time used for accompanying said flame for a certain length, thus pie venting the cooling of the vapors issuing from said bm'ner, and insuring their perfect comlnistion.

. Xi still further object is to provide an im minted construction of burner whereby the all fed through a coil or retort will be converted into dry vapor at a high temperature, the oil being forced to run through a passage of a considerable length and subject to intense heat all along in order to insure a thorough vaporization, and a still further object to provide an improved construction of burner, whereby the vapor issuing from a vaporizing element will be simultaneously distributed to all the outlets of said burner, thus insuring the evenness of all the flames issuing from the same.

Witlrthese and other objects in view, as will more fully appear as the description burner,

proceeds, this invention consists of certain constructions and arrangements of parts as will l)( ll6Y6l11tlftGI described and pointed out in thewippended claims. reference being had to the accompal'lying drawings forming a part of this. specification.

Oil burners have heretofore usually especially when the fuel used is a heavy grade of crude oil; in most of them the vaporization is mechanically effected by means of compressed air, and in the few cases where to my knowledge the preheating of the oil has been used in connection with the vaporizing elfect of compressed air, or exclusively, it has not been possible to obtain a perfect combustion of the oil. The same is to be said of the burners using a, mechanical vaporization; and this imperfect combustion constitutes a serious drawback to oil burning, not only on account of the waste of combustible matter, but especially on account of the frequent plugging of outlets and passages due to dirt. and refuse collecting in the same.

The flame issuing from an imperfect burner is not blue all over, and will invariably produce a black deposit of solid carbon on all the exposed parts, thus necessitating a frequent cleaning; the compressed air cleviees also constitute a source of expense and of frequent inconveniences, the pressure necessary being quite high.

in my improved oil burner, the vaporization of the oil is effected entirely by the action of heat, and the construction of the device is therefore greatly simplified, and the cost of attendance lowered.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view, partly broken away, of my assembled; Fig. 2- is a perspective view showing the bottom part and the inlet pipe, turned upside down; Fig. 3 is a sec tional view in elevation illustrating in detail the construction of the burner; and Fig. 4-. is a sectional view in elevation illustrating the 'way of joining two consecutive sections of the preheating coil.

My improved burner is composed of a box-like frame 1, having a top part 2, a bottom part 3, and four sides 4, all these parts being preferably made of metal of a substantial thickness. The sides lare shown in the drawings as being formed of channels, attached to parts 2 and 3 by means of bolts 5, a packing 6 being prefe ably inserted between channels -l and parts 2 and '3; I found this to be a very strong and inexpensive construction, but of course it is susceptible of many changes in its details. A chamber 7 is thus formed between the top, the bottom 25 diameter of holes 11 in-top part 2. The

lower end of part 15 is turned down form-' to which leads an inlet pipe 9, of the burner. Said bottom part 3 is also provided with a plurality of properly distancedholes 10, and similar holes 11,"?1!" a larger diameter, are

provided in toppart 2, so that the centers of holes 11 are on the" same vertical line as the centers of holes 10. In addition to holes 11, part 2 is provided with a number of small holes 12.

The vaporizing element, as shown, is formed of difierent sections 13, 13, consisting of an upper solid part 1&, and a lower hollow part 15; sections 13 and 13 are arranged in a row alternately, sections 13 be ing a shoulder 18, to fit the diameter of holes 10, and has'a threaded portion-19 projecting out ofl ottom part 3. Projections16 are on the same line with projections 17 and. pro

' jections 17 are on the same line with'pro- 16, 16. The screw threads in said projecjections 16. Projections 16, 16, are,'of,a diameter larger than that of projections .17, 17, which are threaded, and are correspondingly threaded with an internal thread'20 adapted to receive projections 17, 17 Said projections 16, 16' are further faced on the face. 21, While projections 17, 17 are faced at the base in 22, said base having a diameter equal to the diameter of projections tions are carefully machined, so as to fit nicely oneinto the other, and in such a manner that when one section 1s screwed to the 7 next, in the way illustrated in the drayvin s,

a packing 23 being inserted on parts 17, 1 parts 14 remain all direhted upward, in a parallel relation to each other. Parts 15 are hollow, being drilled from the bottom to form chambers 24; parts 17, 17, arb also drilled in 25 all through 11 to said chambers 2 1. Parts 19 are closed each by{a cap 26, which also retains the different sections attached to part 3. All the chambersj24 and passages 25 form a continuous passage for the oil, which may be properly termed a 27 is a pipe through which the oil is fed under pressure, from a source of supply, to first section 14 of the coil; from this the oil will pass to the next section 14", and so on up to the last section of the first row, 14. From this point, the oil is led to the next row to 14:, and from this to 1 1 at the other end of the second row, and so forth, until it reaches the last section 14, to which is attached a delivery pipe 28.

Fig. 1 illustrates the manner in which one row of the coil is joined to the next row. The end sections 14%, 1st, 14", etc, are provided with an additional projection 29, at right angle wit: 16, 16, 17, 17, said projection being threaded externally and drilled all through to chamber 24. Two corresponding projections 29 will be threaded in o posite direction, so that they can be tight y joined together by a double threaded nut or turnbuckle 30. All the joints are rendered hermetic by packings 22, 22, 22". Ithas been stated that chambers 24, and passages tl'irough projections 17, 17', 29, are to be drilled; it is obvious that the same may be obtained by foundry processes, but I prefer to 'machine them, to have a smooth passage for the oil all through and to avoid any possibility'of dirt collecting on the walls of the oil channels. Delivery pipe 28 leads to a regulating valve 31, opening in the mouth of inlet pipe 9; said valve regulates the outflow of vapors issuing from the preheating coil, and can also entirely stop the same.

All the diderent mentioned parts being carefully machined and assembled together, it will be seen that parts 14 project over top part 2 centrally to openings 11, and will be surrounded by the flame issuing from said openings 11 and from holes 12, when the burner isin operation.

To start the burner the same must be previously heated by some independent means which can be of anylsuitable character; this can be done for instance by feeding some combustible gas kept in storage for this purpose, through valve 31 and inlet pipe 9 previous to feeding the oil fuel. The oil is afterward fed through the retort, and the heat stored by parts 14 will be communicated to the same. The sections 13 of the retort must be made of a good heat conducting material, and preferably of bronze; thus it will not take long to thoroughly heat the same.

The oil fed through pipe 27 to section M, has to run for a considerable length throu h the vaporizing retort before reaching tie lastsection 14 and the delivery pipe 28, and is subject to intense heat all through the same; it will therefore vaporize before reaching delivery pipe 28, and be supplied in the form of vapor to the inlet pipe 9 and to the burner, through opening 8; 1n chamber 7 said vapor comes in contact with the hot surfaces of the vaporizing retort, and coming out of openings 11 is still in contact with parts 14 while it is burned. The

velocity of the vapors fed to the burner' frame will entrain "some of the air necessary to the combustion through inlet pipe 9; this air, however, only constitutes a small portion of the total required, the greater portion be ing taken above the top of the burner, in the combustion chamber in which. the same may be inclosed. The vapors issuing from. openings 11 and 12 will be ignited above top part 2 and the flames will. envelop projections 14: and heat the same. It is thus seen, that the oil, and the oil vapor formed are given no chance to cool down, and are continuously keptin the presence of intense heatat all stages, and in the very action of burnin The retort described acts both as a prcheater and as a superhcatcr, and I have found this disposition to be eminently factory even with the lowest grades of crude oil. The red hot solid metallic parts projecting above the burner are most etlicient in preventing; the cooling of the vapors issuing from the burner into the air, and do much toward insuring a thorough combustion.

In the installations of this burner it is advisable to make the course of the vapors issuing from the retort to their point of ignition as short as posible, and to cover all the parts projecting outside of the furnace with asbestos or like material, to prevent the escape of heat as much as possible.

The pressure necessary to feed the'oil through the coil to the burner is generally mode ate, and varies with the density of oil used, the length of the vaporizing element, etc; and some means will have to be pro-' vided for adjusting the same to varying conditions, and also to counterbalance the back pressure created by the vapors formed in the vaporizing element.

T have found that highly satisfactory results can be obtained with the particular shape of retort shown and described, espe cially on account of the fact that the oil is compelled to retard its course by the continuous changes in its direction, remaining thus for an appreciable amount of time in intimate contact; with intensely hot surfaces; which is not the case with coils of the spiral type or oth erwise'otfering a passage for the oil without a number of sudden and sharp deflections. Any part of the oil which should not vaporize. and any solid mat.- ter which should be contained therein will collect at the bottom of the sections composing the retort, which can be cleaned by removing caps 26.

This burner can be constructed to suit the shape and dimensions of the chamber to be occupied, and it can be applied with advan tage to marine and stationary boilers of any kind. I found the construction shown and described to be compact and ellioient, but.- it. is obvious that a different type of retort may well be inserted in my l1lJ].)l.'().c(l burner, provided the same not be exposed to the direct heat of the flame, but receiving the same through a sullicient number of heat carrying projections, acting at the same time as superhe-aters for the vaporsand for the flames; also that my invention may be varied in its specific details without departing from the fundamental spirit of the sit-me; therefore I do not Wish to confine myself to those shown and described.

'llaving thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. In an apparatus of the class described, in combination with means for-vaporizing hydrocarbon fuel, a hollow box-like frame in. which the same is mounted having an inlet and provided with a plurality of out-' lets on top, through which may pass the combustible vapors, and a plurality of heat storing members projecting above and below the top of said frame; for the purposes as set forth.

2. In an apparatus of the class described,

in combination with means for vaporizing hydrocarbon fuel, a hollow box-like frame in which the same is mounted having an inlet and provided with a plurality of small outlets on top, and with a plurality of larger openings, and parts projecting through said larger openings, adapted to store the heat produced by the ignition of the combustible vapors.

3. In an apparatus of the class described,

'in combination with means for vaporizing hydrocarbon fuel, a hollow box-like frame ha vin an inlet, and provided with a plurality of outlets on top, and a plurality of heat storing members integral with said vaporizing means projecting from the top of said frame.

4. In an apparatus of the class described, in combination with a hollow box-like frame having an inlet and provided with a plurality of openings on top, a vaporizing element mounted within said frame, and solid metallic parts integral with the same pro-v jecting through said openings; for the purposes as set forth.

5. In an apparatus of the class described, in coml'iinatie'vn with a hollow box-like frame having an inlet and provided with a plurality of small outlets on top and with a pluralituof larger openings, a vaporizing element mounted within said frame, and solid metallic parts integral with the same projecting through said larger openings leaving a narrow clearance all around, through which may pass the combustible \aporsf-ed to said frame.

(3. in an apparatus of the class described, in'combination with a hollow box-like frame having an inlet and provided with a plurality of outlets. a vaporizing element formed of sections in i1itercoinmunicating relation to til'il other, a supplying and a. delhering pipe connected to the extreme sections of the same, means for regulating 'interconnnunicating relation to each other mounted within said frame. means for feeding liquid. fuel through said retort, means for carrying the heat produced by the combustion of the'combustible vapors to said retort, and means for directing the vapors formed in the same to said frame; for the purposes as set forth.

4 8. In an apparatus of the class described,

I 1n combination with a burner frame, a retort mounted therein composed by a plurality of vertical sections in intercommunieating relation to each other, forming a continuous passage for the fuel to be vaporized, and provided with heat storing members upwardly projecting therefrom, carrying to said retort the heat of combustion of the vapors formed in the same.

9. In an apparatus of the class described, in combination with a hollow box-like frame having an inlet and provided with a plurality of outlets on top, a retort formed of hollow vertical sections mounted within said frame and projecting through said outlets, said sections being in intercommunicating relation with each other. so as to form a continuous passage for the fuel to be vaporized, and means for feeding the vaporized fuel formed in said retort to said inlet; for the purposes as set forth.

10-. In an apparatus of the class described, in combination with a hollow box-like frame having an inlet and provided with av plurality of outlets on top, a retort composed of a plurality of vertical sections, each pro vided with two projections" at different heights, the projections of adjacent sections being at the same height and connected to each other so as to form a continuous passage for the fuel to be vaporized, and parts integral with said sections projecting through the top of said frame.

11. In an apparatus of the class described, in combination with a hollow box-like frame having an inlet and provided with a plurality of outlets on top, a retort composed of a pluralit of sections in intercommumeans for securing said sect-ions in position.

nicating relation to each other, said sections being mounted on the bottom of said frame, and projecting through said outlets, and

12.1 in an apparatus of the class described, in combination with a hollow box-like frame having an inlet and provided with a pluheights, the projections of adjacent sections being at the same height and connected to each other, so as to form a continuous pas.- sage for the fuel to be vaporized, a supply- ,ing pipe leading to said retort, and a delivering pipe leading to said inlet; substantially as described. Y

13. In an apparatus of the class described, in combination with a hollowbox-like frame having an inlet and provided with a .plurality of outlets on top, a retort consisting of sections attached to the bottom of said frame and projecting through said outlets leaving a clearance for the passage of the combustible-.vapors, each section having a lower part hollow and provided with two projections at different heights, the projec-' rality of outlets'on top, a plurality of smallholes between said outlets, a plurality of openings in the bottom of said frame vertically registering with said outlets on top, a sup lying pipe, a delivering pipe, an inlet ipe eading to said inlet, avalve opening into said inlet pipe connected to said delivering pipe, and a vaporizing element inserted between said supplying and said dolivering pipes, formedof sections having a hollow lower portion inserted through said openings in the bottom and clamped to the same, and a solid portion projecting through said outlets on top leaving a clearance for the passage of the vapors fed to the frame, and each section beingprovided with two projectionsat different heights, the projectially as described.

EUGENIA 'LANFREDI.

Witnesses TULLIO V. GIARA,

Gumo SACERDOTE. 

